Background: Hydatidosis is an endemic zoonosis in Chile. We report a 48-year-old former slaughterman, with a previous history of pulmonary hydatidosis, who presented a stroke without associated cardiovascular symptoms. An echocardiogram revealed a tumor mass with cystic features in the left ventricle. The patient was operated and the cyst was successfully excised. During the follow up, the patient remains asymptomatic.

Background:Methylation is an inactivation mechanism for tumor suppressor genes, that can have important clinical implications. Aim: To analyze the methylation status of 11 tumor suppressor genes in pathological samples of diffuse gastric cancer. Material and methods: Eighty three patients with diffuse gastric cancer with information about survival and infection with Epstein Barr virus, were studied. DNA was extracted from pathological slides and the methylation status of genes p14, p15, p16, APC, p73, FHIT, E-caderin, SEMA3B, BRCA-1, MINT-2 y MGMT, was studied using sodium bisulphite modification and polymerase chain reaction. Results were grouped according to the methylation index or Hierarchical clustering (TIGR MultiExperiment Viewer). Results: Three genes had a high frequency of methylation (FHIT, BRCA1, APC), four had an intermediate frequency (p15, MGMT, p14, MINT2) and four had a low frequency (p16, p73, E-cadherin, SEMA3B). The methylation index had no association with clinical or pathological features of tumors or patients survival. Hierarchical clustering generated two clusters. One grouped clinical and pathological features with FHIT, BRCA1, and APC and the other grouped the other eight genes and Epstein Barr virus infection. Two significant associations were found, between APC and survival and p16/p14 and Epstein Barr virus infection. Conclusions: Hierarchical clustering is a tool that identifies associations between clinical and pathological features of tumors and methylation of tumor suppressor genes

A produção do azeite é uma das actividades agrícolas mais características da região mediterrânea e de importância relevante para a sua economia. O objectivo do trabalho foi o estudo da influência dos métodos da extracção na qualidade do azeite obtido. Incidiu principalmente sobre uma das cultivares recomendadas para os azeites de denominação origem protegida (DOP) no Alentejo. Foi extraída azeite da variedade portuguesa, Galega Vulgar (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea), colhida na região de Elvas nas campanhas de 2001 a 2004. Utilizou-se uma prensa hidráulica (extracção descontínua, Vieirinox, Portugal); e um “decanter” centrífugo de duas fases (extracção contínua, Oliomio, Itália). Nas azeitonas determinou-se o índice de maturação, fez-se o controle de pragas e avaliou-se o Índice de gordura (RMN). No azeite para além das análises químicas de controlo foi realizada a análise Sensorial com painel treinado e uma detecção electrónica de aromas (Alpha Mos Fox 3000). Os resultados preliminares mostram haver diferenças significativas para alguns dos parâmetros analisados no caso dos azeites. De todos os parâmetros em que se detectaram diferenças significativas apenas a acidez demonstrou alterações suficientes para classificar o azeite em outra categoria considerando a classificação estabelecida pelo Regulamento (CE) N.º 1989/2003 de 6 de Novembro. Estudos como este são importantes na adaptação da tecnologia à variedade com o intuito de aumentar a eficiência de determinado processo tecnológico.

Olive oil production is one of the important agricultural activities on the Mediterranean region and has a real impact on local economies. The objective of this work was the study of extraction methods impact on olive oil final quality. The variety studied is one of the varieties allowed for olive oil with Protected Origin Denomination (DOP) production in Alentejo. The Portuguese variety extracted was Galega Vulgar (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea), harvested in the region of Elvas during the harvest of 2001 through 2004. An hydraulical press was used (discontinuous extraction method, Vieirinox, Portugal); and a two phases centrifuge "decanter" (continuous extraction method, Oliomio, Italy). For olives maturation index, fat (NMR) content and plagues were determined. For olive oisl besides routine chemical analyses a Sensorial analysis and an electronic aroma analysis were performed (Alpha Mos Fox 3000). Preliminary results show significant differences among some of the parameters analyzed in the case of olive oils. Of all the parameters where significant differences were detected only acidity shows enough differences to classify the oil in other category according to EC regulation N.º 1989/2003 of 6 of November. Similar studies are important to allow technological improvements in order to increase efficiency.

Foi conduzido um experimento com o objetivo de determinar o mínimo de repetições para que níveis preestabelecidos de precisão sejam alcançados sobre a matointerferência na produtividade da cultura do milho mantida na presença ou na ausência das plantas daninhas até 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 e 120 dias após a emergência. O experimento foi conduzido no período de dezembro de 1997 a abril de 1998, correspondendo à safra de verão, na Fazenda Experimental Marcelo Mesquita Serva, Universidade de Marília - UNIMAR, município de Marília, Estado de São Paulo - Brasil. A precisão experimental avaliada pela diferença mínima significativa (dms) mostrou-se continuamente crescente com a adição de novas repetições, observando-se, contudo, reduções menores acima de seis repetições. Os valores médios do quadrado médio do resíduo (QMR) e do coeficiente de variação (CV) e o F dos tratamentos não foram alterados pelo aumento do número de repetições.

Aiming to determine the minimum number of repetitions necessary to reach preestablished levels of precision, an experiment was carried out under field conditions. Corn crop was maintained in the presence or absence of weeds up to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 120 days after emergence. The experiment was conducted from December, 1997 to May, 1998, corresponding to the summer crop, on the Experimental Farm "Marcelo Mesquita Serva" at the University of Marília - UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo - Brazil. The precision of combined replicates, evaluated by the least significant difference, continuously increased with addition of new repetitions. However, small reductions small reductions were observed after six repetitions. Average values of medium square of the residue, coefficient of variation and F of the treatments were not influenced by increase in the number of replications.

Background: Mortality caused by cardial gastric cancer in Chile, is increasing. Previously we demonstrated an association between Epstein Barr virus and this specific location of gastric cancer. Aim: To perform a clinical and molecular characterization of cardial gastric cancer associated to Epstein Barr virus. Material and methods: Epstein Barr virus was identified in 93 cardial gastric tumors, by in situ hybridization. Clinical and pathological features, survival and expression of p53 and c-erbB2 were compared between tumors with or without the presence of the virus. Results: Twenty two (23.6%) tumors expressed Epstein Barr virus. No difference in sex or age of patients with tumors positive or negative for the virus was observed. Epstein Barr positive tumors had a tendency to have a higher frequency of Bormann III endoscopic appearance and a lower frequency of p53 accumulation (p=0.06). Five years survival was 67% and 42% of tumors positive and negative for the presence of the virus, respectively (p=0.57). Conclusions: Our results, although not significant, show a tendency towards unique characteristics of cardial gastric tumors associated to Epstein Barr

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade do herbicida halosulfuron isoladamente e na mistura com glyphosate, aplicados em pré e pós-emergência, para culturas de verão (milho, feijão, algodão e soja) e para culturas de inverno (aveia-preta, azevém, centeio, trigo e triticale). Foram instalados dois experimentos em campo, nas Fazendas Experimentais do Lageado e de São Manuel - UNESP - Botucatu-SP - Brasil. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da aplicação isolada do herbicida halosulfuron (100/150 g ha-1), em pré e pós-emergência, e em mistura de tanque halosulfuron + glyphosate NA e WG (100+4.000 g ha-1 e 100+2.000/4.000 g ha¹, respectivamente), em pré-emergência e em diferentes épocas de aplicação (2, 15 e 30 dias antes e 15 e 30 depois da semeadura). A intensidade da fitotoxicidade encontrada nas plantas das culturas de soja, milho, feijão, algodão e azevém foi devido à aplicação do herbicida halosulfuron, que esteve relacionada com dosagens, época e modo de aplicação. Quanto mais próximo da aplicação do halosulfuron em pós-emergência da semeadura das culturas, maiores foram as injúrias encontradas em suas plantas. Todos os tratamentos testados não proporcionaram sintomas de fitotoxicidade nas plantas de aveia-preta, centeio, trigo e triticale.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the selectivity of halosulfuron alone and in mixture with glyphosate sprayed on pre and post emergence on summer crops soybean, corn, bean, cotton and for winter crops black oats, ryegrass, rye, wheat and X Triticosacale. Two experiments were carried out at Experimental Station and São Manuel - UNESP - Botucatu-SP - Brazil. The treatments consisted of halosulfuron herbicide (100/150 g ha-1 ) on pre and post emergence application, and in tank mix of halosulfuron+glyphosate NA and WG (100+4000 g ha¹) respectively on pre emergence application and in different timings: 2, 15 and 30 days before and 15 and 30 days after crop seeding . The phytotoxicity in soybean, corn, bean, cotton and ryegrass plants was due to application of halosulfuron which has been related to rates, seasons and mode of application . The higher the rates of halosulfuron application to post emergence of the crops, the higher was the injury found in the plants. All treatments did not injured oat, rye, wheat and X Triticosecale plants.

The basic biology of the potential hantavirus reservoir rodents from Chile are reviewed. The taxonomy and systematics of five endemic Muridae species, the oryzomine Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (probably the primary reservoir), the akodontines Abrothrix longipilis, Abrothrix olivaceus, and the phyllotines Loxodontomys micropus and Phyllotis darwini, are updated with some recent modifications, as well as their features like external characters, geographic distribution, habitat, etology, feeding, ecology, and reproduction. Particular attention is given to the molecular phylogenetic relationships between rodent species and their groups, as well as with those of their hantavirus hosts. An association between the evolution of the two groups seems to emerge, suggesting co-evolution between rodent species and virus. This important hypothesis remains to be tested. Other relationships between rodent species and their viral hosts are discussed

Es revisada la biología básica de los roedores potencialmente reservorios de hantavirus en Chile. La taxonomía y sistemática de cinco especies de roedores Muridae endémicos, el orizomino Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (reservorio primario), los akodontinos Abrothrix longipilis y Abrothrix olivaceus, y los filotinos Loxodontomys micropus y Phyllotis darwini, son puestas al día con recientes modificaciones, así como sus caracteres externos, distribución geográfica, hábitat, etología, alimentación, ecología y reproducción. Especial atención se da a las relaciones filogenéticas entre especies de roedores sus grupos, así como con aquellas correspondientes a sus hantavirus huéspedes, Una asociación entre la evolución de ambos grupos parece emerger, sugiriendo co-evolución entre las especies de roedores virus. Esta importante hipótesis debería ser puesta a prueba. Son discutidas otras relaciones entre especies de roedores y sus huéspedes virales